How do people measure temperature or humidity in an era without temperature and humidity sensors?

 In the modern age with advanced technology, many industries are inseparable from temperature and humidity sensors. It can help us monitor the temperature and humidity around us, ensure our production efficiency, and protect the storage safety of our items. However, how did the ancients measure temperature and humidity? Woolen cloth?

The twenty-four solar terms are the result of the ancients' accumulated farming experience. When the first thunder in spring begins, the hibernating animals wake up and start stinging. As the third of the twenty-four solar terms, it marks the beginning of mid-spring. , also marks the rise in temperature.

In the industry, experienced workers will look at the temperature through the color of the flame. During the smelting process, the dark red fire is about 600 ℃ now, the dark red fire is about 700 ℃, and the orange-red represents about 1000 ℃. Orange is around 1100°C, kumquat is around 1200°C, golden yellow is around 1300°C, white gold is around 1400°C, pure white is around 1500°C, if the color of the flame reaches 1500°C, the color will become White blue.

In the era of no temperature and humidity measuring instrument, people can judge whether the temperature in winter has reached minus zero according to whether there is ice in the water.

As for humidity, it has been known in ancient times that humidity has an impact on the sound of the piano. "Huainan Ziben Jingxun" has a saying that "the change of wind and rain can be known by the rhythm".

In the "Historical Records of Heaven Officials", there is a balance-type hygrometer. The soil and charcoal are placed on both ends of the balance, and the humidity value is obtained by observing the change in the weight of the charcoal. This hygrometer is better than the same type in Europe. The hygrometer is 1600 years old, which shows the wisdom of the ancients.

However, now we have more sensitive and better sensors that can measure data more accurately.

Whether it is ancient or modern, we should not compare. We can admire the wisdom of modern people, but we cannot deny the wisdom of the ancients. Although some things are restored, they may not necessarily adapt to the development of the current era, but for those who were at that time In other words, it is an advanced "technology".